The main causes of turbidity in raw water are clay, algae, silt, and other non-settling solid particles. Turbidity, which is a measure of light transmittance, originates from Total Suspended Solids (TSS).
Particles and colloids that cause turbidity may carry various pathogens. Excessive presence of these particles in water reduces the efficiency of disinfection processes against pathogens. Additionally, they provide surfaces for heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, and lead, as well as organic substances, to adhere to. Turbidity in drinking water directly affects its usability for aesthetic, consumption, and industrial purposes.